This work reports the synthesis and characterization of nanostructured hybrid systems based on the combination of water soluble transition-metal phthalocyanines of a Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Transmission electron microscopy reveals images of the hybrid compounds, which are approximately 20 nm in size. The bathochromic shift and the broadening of the plasmon band characteristic of AgNPs, observed in the UV-Vis spectra of the nanostructured hybrid systems, indicate the coordination of the complexes on the nanoparticle surface. Infrared and Raman spectra confirmed an effective interaction between the complexes, and the nanoparticles, marked in particular by a modulation of intensities and shifts in characteristic frequencies. Raman spectroscopy identified a SERS (surface-enhanced Raman scattering) effect due to the plasmonic resonance properties of the Ag...

The relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growthattracts scientific interest. However, empirical results remain inconclusive, particularlyfor Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), largely reflecting unobserved cross-country structuralheterogeneity inadequately captured by conventional estimation methods. This articleapplies a Finite Mixture Model (FMM) to 44 SSA countries over 1990-2021, integratinghuman capital as a concomitant variable. Endogenous classification identifies fourlatent energy regimes: two conservation regimes (Classes 1 and 3), where renewableenergy consumption negatively affects growth (Class 1 ¼ -0.0798 and Class 3 ¼-0.198); and two growth regimes (Class 2: 59.38% of countries and Class 4: 29.18% ofcountries), where renewable energy consumption significantly stimulates economicgrowth (Class 2 ¼ 0.0245 and Class 4 ¼ 0.0484). A complementary panel thresholdr...

This study examines whether organic fertiliser use mitigates the relationship between land degradation and multidimensional poverty among rural households in Burkina Faso. Using data from the 2021 Harmonised Survey on Household Living Conditions, the results show that land degradation is positively and significantly associated with multidimensional poverty, increasing the probability of being multidimensionally poor by 0.423. However, the interaction between land degradation and organic fertiliser use is negative and significant (−0.431), indicating that the association between land degradation and multidimensional poverty is weaker among households using organic fertilisers. These findings suggest that organic fertiliser use may contribute to reducing the adverse welfare consequences associated with land degradation. The results also show significant associations between multidimensiona...

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) is widely used in high-voltage circuit breakers because of its insulating properties and interrupting capability, although concerns related to its environmental impact and decomposition products encourage efforts to limit its use. This study determines the equilibrium chemical composition of SF₆–air plasmas at atmospheric pressure over the temperature range 1,000–15,000 K under local thermodynamic equilibrium. Air is represented by 80% nitrogen and 20% oxygen, and different air proportions in the mixture are considered. The equilibrium number densities of the chemical species are calculated by Gibbs free energy minimisation using a computational code developed in MATLAB. The results indicate that molecular species predominate below 7,000 K. SF₆ begins to dissociate at approximately 1,700 K, while SF₄ and F₂ dissociate at around 1,900 K; SF₃ and SF₂ dissociate at...

In developing countries where agriculture sustains rural livelihoods, advancing sustainable development and poverty reduction requires a better understanding of the drivers of agricultural productivity growth to promote inclusive growth and strengthen food security. This paper investigates the main constraints to agricultural productivity growth in Burkina Faso and analyses convergence dynamics across its provinces. Using a meta-frontier Färe–Primont index based on data envelopment analysis and panel data from 45 provinces (2009–2021), the results reveal that in the most technologically advanced agricultural zone, comprising the most efficient provinces, technological advantages are underutilised due to low technical efficiency. In contrast, the other major agricultural zones rely primarily on higher technical efficiency despite lagging in technological progress. Moreover, although evide...

Cet article analyse la réforme de la politique minière sous le prisme des instruments d’action publique, à partir d’une comparaison entre deux régimes politiques au Burkina Faso. Il s’appuie sur des données issues d’entretiens semi-structurés réalisés entre 2022 et 2023 et d’une recherche documentaire. Les résultats montrent que les choix des instruments d’action publique pour la réforme de la politique minière résultent de facteurs idéels et pragmatiques propres aux régimes politiques. L’article apporte une double contribution à la littérature sur les politiques publiques et sur les régimes politiques. D’une part, il analyse les régimes de transition à travers une politique économique alors que la littérature se focalise sur les réformes politiques. De l’autre, il met en relation la littérature sur l’instrumentation et la sociologie des régimes politiques.

This study evaluates the potential of a natural clay from N’Djamena (Chad) for removing Pb²⁺ ions from aqueous solutions under static conditions. The adsorption performance was interpreted using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Mineralogical characterization classified the raw material as a clay soil, predominantly composed of kaolinite (49.3%), with contributions from goethite (15.8%), quartz (18.1%), vermiculite (1.5%), and k-feldspar* (15.4%). The clay is primarily composed of silica (40.46%), alumina (23.84 %), and iron oxide (14.44%). Its specific surface area is 86.82 m²/g. It has a cation exchange capacity of 46 meq/100 g and a swelling index of 2.71 cm³/g. Optimal lead removal was achieved under the following conditions: 25 mL of solution per reactor; a clay-solute contact time of 90 minutes; an initial Pb²⁺ concentration of 20 μg/L; and a pH of 7. The adsorption o...

This paper proposes an innovative approach to solving fuzzy multiobjective linear optimization problems by combining the embedding theorem and an optimal transformation technique. The objective func- tions and fuzzy constraints are first embedded in a Banach space, where they are represented as parametric biobjective vectors. The application of a Riemann integral operator then allows them to be transformed into a de- terministic and non-parametric form. Appropriate weights are introduced in order to limit compensatory effects and to ensure a non-empty admissible domain, leading to a weighted deterministic multiobjective problem of the same dimension. This problem is then aggregated into a single-objective nonlinear model, solvable by classical methods. The proposed transformations ensure the equivalence of the models and the preservation of Pareto op- timality. The numerical resu...

Striga hermonthica is widespread in several regions of Burkina Faso. It attacks crops of agronomic interest, causing losses ranging from 20 to 100% of grain yield in sorghum varieties. This study carried out at the weed science laboratory from October 2022 to February 2023 aims to identify sorghum varieties resistant to Striga hermonthica and local plants that inhibit or stimulate its germination. Fifteen varieties of sorghum has been evaluated for their germination stimulant capacity production using the agar gel method. The roots of two seedlings of each variety were buried in the opposite position in the agar medium containing Striga seeds. The effect of nine local plants on Striga hermonthica seeds germination has been evaluated by preparing 10% aqueous extract for each plant by macerating a mass of 10 g of powder in 100 ml of sterile distilled water. The inhibitory effect w...

IoT systems have become very popular in recent years and are present in all areas. They collect and process data that is often sensitive and confidential, making them targets for increasingly sophisticated and frequent attacks. In the field of IoT cybersecurity, Federated Learning and Blockchain Technology are showing promising results. In this paper, we propose an innovative hybrid approach that combines the advantages of multimodal personalised federated learning and blockchain technology to dynamically adapt the model to local resource constraints and secure the learning process, while taking into account the heterogeneity of the domain. This approachs tands out for outperforming conventional federated models in its ability to adapt to the heterogeneous resources of IoT devices while guaranteeing effective and reliable detection of cyberattacks on IoT systems. A proof of concept with...