In this work, we study some properties of the family of copulas introduced previously by Bagré et al. We discuss from dependence metrics such as Spearman's rho, the medial correlation coefficient and distances separating this family of copulas from the Fréchet bounds (lower and upper bounds) and the product copula, respectively. The tail coefficients are also described. We show that the ranges of the Spearman rho and the medial correlation of this class are respectively -0.4784 to 0.4784 and $-0.3333$ to 0.3333. Furthermore, we prove that this class of copulas is bounded between Gumbel's bivariate logistic copula and modified Ali-Mikhail-Haq copula. In particular, we study the properties of two examples of this new family. In addition to theoretical properties, we present graphical illustrations such as level curves and scatter plots of observations from each of the examples.

Although sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is gaining importance in West Africa, it remains uncertain whether the research is adequately advanced to support the promotion of this crop in the region. Consequently, this systematic review of 125 articles provides a detailed overview of studies focused on sweet potatoes in West Africa. The paper explores various bibliometrics, the research geographic spread, and the topics discussed (e.g., food security and nutrition, climate resilience, livelihoods). The study indicates that sweet potato has the potential to address multiple issues in West Africa, including food and nutrition insecurity (especially micronutrient deficiencies, e.g., vitamin A) as well as poverty. However, it also reveals significant research gaps in terms of geographical and thematic areas. From a geographical perspective, research is primarily conducted in Nigeria and Ghana. From a thematic perspective, there are deficiencies in areas like economics and social sciences, applications in animal husbandry, marketing, use of leaves, irrigation methods, and impacts on climate resilience and livelihoods. There is a pressing need for collaborative research and knowledge exchange among nations to fully realize the potential of sweet potato and develop its value chains to contribute to sustainable socio-economic development across West Africa.

Nowadays, the question of the availability of good quality materials is increasingly raised in road projects. This has led us to techniques for improving the performance of materials that can be used in road layers. Cement and lime treatment is a well-known technique for improving materials in road construction. The test is done by adding a small amount of cement or lime to the material to be improved. This amount is determined at various percentages in order to obtain a good result. To carry out our study, it is necessary to study the raw material to see if it meets the standards, otherwise it must be improved. Indeed, for a material to be used in road layers, a minimum bearing capacity of 80% to 98% of OPM is required. Also, in order to understand the evolution of the CBR bearing capacity, we will make our materials suitable for road construction by mixing them with lime and cement.

West-African wetlands support the biodiversity and the local population livelihoods, but they are heavily threatened by multiple pressures. However, research and inventory studies on wetlands are still less documented. To do so, we investigated on the biodiversity, the livelihoods, and conservation measures of two wetlands in Burkina Faso. Wetlands harbor a high diversity of fauna including fish, amphibians, mammals, reptiles, birds, and macro-invertebrates. Additionally, we found that these wetlands provide many services and goods to local populations, but few studies were undertaken to carry out the importance of wetlands, making them the unknown and threatened ecosystems in Burkina Faso. The underground conservation measures including close collaboration of local leaders are crucial to explore links between valuables services and goods of wetlands and local community well-being that may help to promote suitable management of wetlands in Burkina Faso.

The purpose of this work is to investigate the existence and regularity of solutions in the α-norm for some second order partial neutral functional differential equations in Banach spaces with finite delay using fractional -power and the theory of the cosine family. As result, we obtain a generalization of work of Herman R. Henriquez et al. (Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 41, No. 6 (2011)) without alpha norm and regularity. Our results extend and complement many other important results in the literature. Finally, a concrete example is given to illustrate the application of the main results.

We formulate a mathematical model which captures the essential dynamics of cholera infection transmission. Control interventions such as vaccination program and environmental sanitation service are incorporated to analyse the impact of both interventions on the infection dynamics. The qualitative and numerical analyses of the model are carried out. Through these analyses, a great attention is brought to certain uncommonly used infection features such as invasion speed of an infection which historically has been ignored by infectious disease modellers. The analyses of these key model parameters not only reveal the required intervention strength needed to curb the infection spread but also indicate which either control intervention should be prioritised. The numerical results approve the qualitative f indings and promise an infection free population, should the control intervention speed be greater than the invasion speed of the infection.

A total of fifty (50) samples of water from Lake Fitri (Chad), with 25 samples per island (Domoro and Maguite). The aim of this study was to analyze the bacteriological, biochemical and physico-chemical quality of the water in Lake Fitri in Chad. Standard microbiology methods were used. Isolated strains of enterobacteria were characterized by API 20E and API Staph galleries and confirmed by API Web. Antibiotic resistance was performed according to the recommendations of the antibiogram committee (CA-SFM, 2019). Physico-chemical analysis of the water was carried out by (Rodier, 2009). The microbiological results revealed an abundance on the Domoro islands (5.37.106 ± 1.5.105 and 1.97.105 ± 4.94.104), successively for total aerobic mesophilic flora (FMAT), and thermotolerant coliform (E. coli) and on the Maguite Islands (4.71.106 ± 7.14.105 and 2.32.105 ± 2.86.104), alternately for total aerobic mesophilic flora (FMAT), and thermotolerant coliform (E. coli). The results obtained after incubation of the biochemical tests using the API 20E and API Staph galleries and their proposed numerical profile analyzed using Api software and confirmed by Api Web confirmed the contamination of the waters of Lake Fitri by pathogenic strains of E. coli, Staphylococcus and Salmonella spp. The results of the antibiogram carried out show the emergence of certain resistances to Tobramycin, Flucytosine and Teicoplanin. The average levels of BOD5, COD, SS, Nitrate (NO3) and Nitrite (NO2) for Domoro Island were 32.14 ± 2.37 mg/L, 423.86 ± 4.78 mg/L, 65.42 ± 2.27 mg/L, 0.04 ± 0.01 mg/L and 3.32 ± 1.48 mg/L respectively. The water from the islands of Lake Fitri must therefore be rigorously treated before consumption.

The agroforestry parklands in the Sudano-Sahelian zone are of critical importance for food security, but face several challenges in terms of changes in climate and land use. The ability to systematically monitor crop productivity in these systems is therefore of importance for both informing land management policies and studying long-term trends. This study, conducted in two different agroecological areas in southern and central Burkina Faso covering two climate-wise very contrasting years (2020–2021), is an initial step to designing a system based on satellite remote sensing that enables national-scale monitoring of crop productivity. In these two sites, we collected large field datasets of crop productivity (150 plots) for use in model training and validation. The main assessments focused on how to best process and combine remote sensing data sources, including time series from the Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite systems, as well as soil properties, elevation and tree cover. Other key focuses were evaluating different regression modelling algorithms (multilinear and machine learning) and clarifying the potential benefits of performing the modelling in specific geographic regions and years or if the modelling can be generalized. Overall, the results show that accurate estimates of crop productivity are achievable using the proposed modelling framework, with encouragingly high R2 (0.49–0.82) and low root mean square errors (11.80–19.35%). Sentinel-2 was the most important data source, but our results also demonstrate the potential of Sentinel-1, which has the benefit of not being affected by clouds. Another encouraging aspect is that the results were stable both between the years, which differed significantly in terms of rainfall and crop productivity, and between the sites that are characterized by contrasting crop compositions. This study shows that the development of a national-level crop monitoring system in Burkina Faso or countries with similar environmental conditions is within reach.

En Guinée, les ressources en eau subissent une pression anthropique. Les changements dans la qualité de l’eau peuvent avoir un impact sur la composition de la faune aquatique. A ce jour cette faune est pratiquement inconnue au fleuve Niger en Guinée. Notre recherche a été menée sur un parcours de 10 Km du fleuve au Centre-ville de Faranah. L’objectif général consiste à évaluer la richesse et la distribution des macroinvertébrés. Cinq stations ont été échantillonnées pendant trois régimes hydrologiques: Périodes d’étiage, de montée des eaux et de décrue. Les changements dans la composition, l’abondance et la richesse ont été déterminés par analyse de variance Kruskal-Wallis. L’Indice d’équitabilité a été utilisé pour évaluer la distribution des différents taxons dans les stations échantillonnées. Le pourcentage d’occurrence à servi pour déterminer la fréquence d’un taxon dans une station. La diversité a été appréciée par l’indice de Shannon. Ces indices ont été calculés en considérant la famille comme niveau taxonomique. Au terme de l’inventaire 60 familles ont été recensées reparties en 14 ordres pour 5 classes (insectes, lamellibranches, gastéropodes, crustacées et annélides). Cette population est dominée par les insectes 57%. La composition faunistique correspond à la richesse des eaux douces africaines. Suivant les régimes hydrologiques 85 % des espèces récoltées sont constantes alors que pour l’ensemble des stations c’est 88 % qui sont fixes. Les valeurs des indices de Shannon ˃ 2 et d’équitabilité proches de 1 reflètent la présence d’une faune benthique très riche, diversifiée et stable.

Post-traumatic stress disorders are psychiatric disorders that arise after a traumatic event. They result in moral suffering and physical complications that profoundly alter personal, social and professional life. Our main objective was to study general practitioners (GP)’ knowledge of psychotraumatism. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study whose data collection took place from January 15 to September 15, 2023 in Burkina Faso. GP practicing in Burkina Faso were included. The minimum number of subjects to be included was 422. A Google Form ® questionnaire was administered to participants. Our study sample comprised 427 GP, 67% of whom were men (284/427). The mean age of the doctors was 32.4±3.5 years. Doctors were married in 49% of cases (208/427) and single in 41% (174/427). Average professional experience was 3.8±2.6 years. The largest number of GP (120) came from the Centre region. A minority of GP practiced in rural areas (7%). The majority of GP (63%) thought they had already dealt with a case of psychotraumatism. Our sample had received training in psychotraumatism during their medical studies in 26.9% of cases, and 17.8% had received continuing education. Considering the grading of GP’ knowledge of psychotraumatism, 182 had an average score of 10 or above, i.e. 43% of our sample. Our study did not reveal any factors associated with better knowledge of psychotraumatism. A study on a larger population including nurses could enable us to better assess the level of knowledge in psychotraumatism.