Managing animal manures in the Bobo-Dioulasso peri-urban zone (Burkina Faso): structure of livestock farms, evaluation of their environmental and sanitary impacts, perspectives

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Résumé

This study was carried out in the urban and peri-urban area of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). The main aim was to make a diagnosis of the structure of farms and the environmental problems generated though manure management and practices of reuse. In order to gather the data, a survey was made on 233 farms. The farms are located in urban (82%) and peri-urban areas (18%). On an average, farms concentrated more cattle, chickens and guinea fowl in the peripheral zone than in the urban area, and similar numbers of pigs, sheep, ducks, turkeys and rabbits. In this study area, a majority of farms (84%) have no manure storage capacity. The manure is primarily used for field fertilization (62%) and for sale (23%). Furthermore, 52% of the farms are located at less than 50 m from houses. The impact of the manure on the pollution of water and soils is perceived by a strong proportion of the farmers (93% of sample surveyed). The perception of risk and nuisances caused by livestock farms include smells, presence of flies and the noise. Our survey revealed the need for a better structuring of livestock activities, especially by optimizing management.

Mots-clés

livestock manure management, Bobo-Dioulasso, manure storage, manure reuse, field fertilization, soil and water contamination, environmental impact, farmer perceptions, urban livestock farming