Epidemiological and Clinical Profiles and Factors Associated with Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in Dédougou (Burkina Faso)

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Résumé

Introduction. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a disabling, multifactorial condition. In the Bankui region of Burkina Faso, no study has been conducted on FFN. To address this gap, we set out to analyse the epidemiological, clinical and radiological aspects, as well as the factors associated with FFN, at the Dédougou Regional Hospital. Methodology. This was a descriptive study involving retrospective data collection over a five-year period. Patients who consulted for osteonecrosis of the femoral head were included. The socio-professional, clinical and paraclinical data of each patient were collated and analysed. Results. Over the 5-year study period, we identified 206 patients presenting with 222 cases of ONATF, including 16 bilateral cases, accounting for a total of 4,890 consultations, representing 4.2% of the total. The mean age of patients was 31.1 years ± 6.3 years, with a sex ratio of 0.92. The paediatric population accounted for 15% of the sample. Farmers accounted for 28.6% and housewives for 34.5%. The presenting symptom was hip pain in 60% of cases. Haemoglobin electrophoresis revealed the ‘AA’ genotype in 36% of patients. Alcohol abuse and smoking were associated with the condition in 21% and 17.5% of cases respectively, and 14% of patients tested positive for HIV in retroviral serology. Standard radiography performed on admission showed Ficat stage IV in 58.5% of patients and stage III in 31.5% of patients. Conclusion. Apart from advanced cases resulting from delayed diagnosis, ONATF does not present any specific clinical features. Despite distinct pathophysiological mechanisms, sickle cell disease, alcohol and tobacco use, HIV and diabetes remain the main risk factors.

Mots-clés

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head, clinical and radiological features, Dédougou Regional Hospital