Conservation Agriculture (CA) practices are not new to the West and Central Africa (WCA) region, though the combination of the three main components of CA is innovative. This chapter describe the main challenges in the adoption of CA while highlighting the diversity of practices related to soil, environmental and farm management practiced in the region. Practices consistent with CA include soil and water conservation measures, agroforestry and integration of crops and livestock, which can be used as catalysts for developing and upscaling CA. The chapter highlights challenges ranging from policy commitment to training and farmer attitudes. There also needs to be more accurate information on the extent and development of CA in the region. CA has great potential for increasing food security, addressing climate change and protecting natural resources