Onchocerciasis or river blindness is a parasitic disease caused by Onchocerca volvulus transmitted to humans by
the byte of a black fly of the species Simulium. This pathology, which is a part of the Neglected tropical Disease
(NTDs), has been resurgent for some years in certain regions of Burkina Faso. We report a case of onchocercoma
with the aim of describing the anatomopathological aspects of this pathology. These were two (02) biopsy
fragments from a scalp nodule in an 8-year-old boy, received in the pathology laboratory for examination. In this
case study, we recall that onchocerciasis is manifested mainly by skin lesions, subcutaneous nodules and ocular
lesions. Histologically, the skin lesions present as a dermatitis with adult worms in the superficial dermis within a
predominantly eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate. Nodules or onchocercomas, usually subcutaneous, consist of
fibrous, inflammatory tissue with a predominance of eosinophils and adult worms including females containing
microfilariae. Ocular lesions begin with punctate keratitis with a snowflake image. Sclerosis with opacification of
the cornea progressively sets in, causing blindness.

Onchocerciasis, Onchocercoma, Histology, Burkina Faso