Puccinia arachidis causes rust, which is one of the most important peanut foliar diseases in the world, particularly in Burkina Faso. In favourable conditions, rust can cause serious damage, and lead to notable crop losses in fields. For sustainable peanut production, alternative control strategies including biological control methods for integrated disease management are needed to control rust. Thus, we investigated the effectiveness of Akanthomyces lecanii, hyperparasite of P. arachidis for the biological control of peanut rust in Burkina Faso. Our results revealed that a conidial suspension of A. lecanii reduces the germination rate of P. arachidis urediniospores within the range of 55.67 to 59.34%, compared to the distilled water control. In addition, leaf treatments with the conidial suspension of A. lecanii significantly reduced the severity of rust on detached leaves and peanut plants compared to the distilled water .