Introduction: Neonatal pathology remains a real public health problem in
developing countries. In Burkina Faso, this mortality has declined over the
last ten years but remains below compared to the Sustainable Development
Goals, which is 12 per 1000 living births at most by 2030. This study aims to
identify specific causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality and will contribute
to the implementation of preventive and curative measures aimed at reducing
neonatal mortality at HOSCO. Method: This was a retrospective study
using the records and database of newborns hospitalized from January 1srt,
2017 to December 31srt, 2020. Using logistic regression, the factors associated
with mortality were determined. Results: During the study period, 3020
newborns were hospitalized. Most newborns (83.71%) were referred by a
peripheral health facility. The average age at admission was 0.3 days ± 0.9
and the sex ratio was 1.2. Prematurity was the leading cause of hospitalization
(61.13%) followed by neonatal infection (38.34%) and neonatal suffering
(23.88%). The mortality rate was 40.6% with 82.71% cases of death in
the early neonatal period. The main causes of death were low birth weight
(47.39%), respiratory distress (18.76%), neonatal suffering (17.37%) and neonatal
infection (13.87%). Home delivery, gestational age 4000 g, respiratory distress, hypothermia, neurological
disorders were factors associated with deaths. Conclusion: Neonatal mortality
is influenced by both maternal and fetal factors and many of them are pre-

Morbidity, Mortality, Newborns, Neonatology