Abstract The variability of prevalence rates of attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADHD) in the
literature raises questions about its etiology and the factors predisposing to its manifestation. The causes are
multidimensional, but the current scientific consensus focuses on genetic predisposition and gene-environment
interactions. A previous study estimated its prevalence at 13.74%. In this study, the objective was to determine the factors
associated with the occurrence of ADHD in schoolchildren in the city of Ouagadougou. This was a cross-sectional study
conducted in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, between March and August 2021. The identification of factors associated with
ADHD was carried out by employing logistic regression modeling. The significance level was set at 5%. The results of this
research allowed us to quantify the association between gender and age in relation to the development of ADHD. The
univariate and multivariate statistical analysis allowed us to establish a causal relationship between hereditary and
environmental factors and the development of ADHD. ADHD symptoms are as common among school children in
Ouagadougou. The use of insecticide, gasoline odor exposure, and poor long treatment were described as risk factors for
ADHD. This is an exploratory study that will add to the limited body of knowledge in the scientific literature with respect to
child development.

ADHD, school children, Ouagadougou, associated facors