The presence of fluoride in water has become a major concern worldwide because of its chronic human
carcinogenic behavior. Developing easily accessible and environmentally friendly disposal strategies is therefore a
challenge for scientists. Heme-activated balaniteoegyptiaca shell carbon has been studied for its ability to adsorb
fluorine from aqueous solutions. The kinetics and adsorption capacity of activated carbon were evaluated. The effect of various parameters, such as activator concentration, initial fluoride concentration, pH, and contact time on the sorption process was studied. The influence of the addition of co-existing ions on the adsorption of fluorine has also been studied. Thermodynamic parameters such as "ΔG◦", "ΔH◦" and ΔS◦ were calculated to understand the nature of the sorption. A field study was conducted with fluorine-containing water samples that were collected from a fluoridated endemic area to test the suitability of the adsorbent for field conditions.

hull waste of balanitesoegyptiaca ; fluoride, adsorption