Background: Prostate cancer (Pca) is a public health problem that afects men, usually of middle age or older. It is
the second most common cancer diagnosed in men and the ffth leading cause of death. The RNASEL gene located in
1q25 and identifed as a susceptibility gene to hereditary prostate cancer, has never been studied in relation to pros‑
tate cancer in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to analyze the carriage of RNASEL R462Q and D541E mutations and risks factors in patients with prostate cancer in the Burkina Faso.
Methods: This case–control study included of 38 histologically diagnosed prostate cancer cases and 53 controls
(cases without prostate abnormalities). Real-time PCR genotyping of R462Q and D541E variants using the TaqMan®
allelic discrimination technique was used. Correlations between diferent genotypes and combined genotypes were
investigated.
Results: The R462Q variant was present in 5.3% of cases and 7.5% of controls. The D541E variant was present in
50.0% of cases and 35% of controls. There is no association between R462Q variants (OR=0.60; 95%IC, 0.10–3.51;
p=0.686) and D541E variants (OR=2.46; 95%IC, 0.78–7.80; p=0.121) and genotypes combined with prostate cancer.
However, there is a statistically signifcant diference in the distribution of cases according to the PSA rate at diagno‑
sis (p ˂ 0.001). For the Gleason score distribution, only 13.2% of cases have a Gleason score greater than 7. There is a statistically signifcant diference in the Gleason score distribution of cases (p ˂ 0.001).
Conclusions: These variants, considered in isolation or in combination, are not associated with the risk of prostate
cancer.

RNASEL, R462Q, D541E, Prostate cancer, Burkina Faso