In order to contribute to the national debate on the change of protocol of the simple forms of malaria treatment in Burkina Faso, we conducted a transversal descriptive study among 397 private pharmacies users in Ouagadougou. The aims of the study were:-making an inventory of the antimalarials and signs which led to self-medication;-identifying the factors favouring self-treatment and the reasons why these antimalarials have been bought;-making an inventory of the misuses of antimalarial drugs by individuals practicing self-medication;-checking the knowledge base in individuals practicing self-medication in relation to resistance to antimalarials. We noticed that chloroquine (39.3%), sulfadoxine-pyrimethamin (24.4%), arthemisinin and its by products (15.1%) were the three main molecules which account for antimalarial self-treatment However the use of these molecules was …