GC-MS identification of bactericidal and antibiofilm compounds from the essential oils of Lippia multiflora Moldenke (Verbeaceae) flowers: a promising study to combat bacterial resistance

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Résumé

Abstract

Background:
Bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotic therapy has become a global health crisis. Bacterial biofilm formation allows bacteria to develop resistance to antibiotics and the host immune system. This study aims to contribute for fighting against bacterial resistance through the inhibition of bacterial biofilm formation by
Lippia multiflora
flowers essential oils.
Methodology:
The sensitivity of
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Streptococcus mutans
to the essential oils was measured on the Luria Bertani-Agar mediumby using the antibiotic susceptibility test. The anti-biofilm potential of the essential oil was evaluated by t he crystal violet method. The antioxidant potential of the essential oils was assessed by the DPPH method. The phytochemical profile was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis.
Results:
The essential oils showed higher growth inhibition diameters of
S. aureus
(28.38±0.23 mm) and
S. mutans
(24.5±0.25 mm) than reference antibiotics such as gentamicin 30 mg (13.5 ± 0.07 mm on
S. aureus
) and Oleandomycin 10μg (16.5 ± 0.05 mm on
S. mutans
).The essential oil was also more active in inhibiting biofilm formation than salicylic acid with inhibition percentages ranged from 60 ± 0.00% on
S. aureus
and 71.60 ± 0.70% on
S. mutans
. Moreover, the essential oils exhibited good antioxidant activity with anti-DPPH inhibitory concentration ranged from 0.23 ± 0.02 µg/ùL. GC-MS analysis of the essential oils led to the identification of 22 terpens compounds with 7 major compounds such as β-caryophyllene (43.55%), germacrene D (16.44%), elemol (10.33%), eucalyptol (6.41%), humulene (3.28%), α-phellandrene (2.68%) and β-ocimene (2.62%).
Conclusion:
These results showed that the essential oils of
L. multiflora
flowers are a promising candidate in the fight against bacterial resistance.

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