Phytochemistry, mineral content, and acute general toxicity of Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch. & Dalziel and Cassia tora Linn., two plants with nutritional and therapeutic properties in Burkina Faso

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Résumé

Several plants used by local communities have interesting nutritional values andtherapeutic properties, but they are not very well known. The aim of this study was todetermine the phytochemistry, mineral content, and acute toxicity of Daniellia oliveri and Cassia tora Linn., which are used for their nutritional and therapeutic benefits. The chemical components and mineral content of the aqueous extracts of Daniellia oliveri leaves and Cassia tora leaves and stems were determined using thin-layer chromatography and AOAC methods, respectively. Acute toxicity was evaluated at 2000 mg/kg body weight in female Wistar rats according to the guidelines of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The results showed the presence of potentially bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, sterols, and triterpenes. Cassia tora had higher levels of potassium (13.44 mg/g) and calcium (2.57 mg/g) compared to Daniellia oliveri (4.42 and 1.69 mg/g, respectively). Ironconcentrations were higher in Cassia tora (252.2 μg/g) than in Daniellia oliveri (137.86 μg/g), while the latter had a higher manganese content (47.92 μg/g versus 28.73 μg/g). These values are comparable to the best local food sources of iron inBurkina Faso. The acute oral toxicity test showed no toxic effects, and the LD50 is estimated to be over 2000 mg/kg body weight. The results could provide a scientific basis for developing improved traditional medicines and/or dietary supplements

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