Resistance of Klebsiella Sp to Ceftazidime Associated with the Production of β-lactamase Enzymes at the Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou (Hosco)

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Résumé

Enterobacteriaceae resistant to β-lactam include Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. Multiresistance to antibiotics in Enterobacteriaceae and in particular in Klebsiella sp is constantly evolving. Klebsiella is characterized by natural resistance to aminos and carboxypenicillins. Ceftazidime is a 3rd generation cephalosporin active on Gram-negative bacteria, strict aerobicor facultative anaerobic. Enterobacteriaceae resistance to β-lactam is more frequently mediated by the production of β-lactamases. The objective of this study was based on the resistance of Klebsiella sp to ceftazidime by the production of several enzymes at the Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou. One hundred and sixty-two (162) strains of Enterobacteriaceae were collected at the Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou, including 33 strains of Klebsiella sp and tested with antibiotics. The detection of resistance genes encoding Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases was performed at Laboratory of Molecular Biologyand Genetics by conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction. The strains were mainly isolated from urine (29) and showed strong resistance to AMC penicillins (94.12%) and ceftazidime (72.72%). The Extended-spectrum β-lactamases phenotype was foundin 42.85% of strains, which were positive by conventional PCR. The CTX-M genes (54,54%) followed by IMP (21.21%).Analysis of PCR products after agarose gel electrophoresis confirms the presence of resistance genes encoding the CTX-M and IMP genes. This study highlights the coexistence of resistance genes of bacterial strains encountered in the clinical environment, hence the need to set up and support an antibiotic resistance surveillance unit. The misuse or inappropriate use of antibiotics is mainly responsible for the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Our study confirmed the presence of the resistance genes CTX-M-type Extended spectrum β-lactamase gene, Guiana Extended-spectrum β-lactamase and IMP-type metallo-β-lactamase gene encoding the enzymes CTX-M, GES and IMP respectively in clinical strains of Klebsiella spp. isolated from the Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Mots-clés

Gram Negative Bacteria, Extended-Spectrum Β-Lactamases, Imp-Type Metallo-Β-Lactamase Gene, Guiana Extended-Spectrum Β-Lactamase, CtX-M-Type Extended Spectrum Β-Lactamase Gene, Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou