ß-Lactams and Quinolones Genetic Resistance in West Africa from 2009 -2018 - A Meta-Analysis

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Résumé

The increased resistance of bacteria to antibiotics due to theirmisuse is a major public health concern. The present studyaims to assess the prevalence of ß-lactam and/or quinolone resistance and blaBLSE and Qnr genes in West Africa over aten-year period (2009-2018). PubMed, Google Scholar and African Journal Online have been systematically consulted. Eighty-two publications were included in the study after analysis of inclusion criteria. Burkina Faso (19.5%, 16/82)and Nigeria (39%, 32/82) had more publication included. The majority of studies (78.05%, 64/82) focused on bacterial strains of medical origin. Strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae are strains that have been studied for resistance to β-lactams and/or quinolones. The average prevalence of overall resistance of β-lactam-resistant pathogens and quinolones in West Africa is respectively 42.62% and 42.10%. The average prevalence of ß-lactamand/or quinolone resistance by bacterial strain was 44.75% and 49.3%, respectively, in Klebsiella Pneumoniae strains. In E. coli strains, it was 46.81% and 43%. The prevalence of Bla and Qnr genes was 43.77% and 55.70%, respectively. The gene CTX-M (53.57%) and qnrS (57.72%) are the genes blaBLSE and Qnr with the highest prevalence in West Africa. This study shows a high prevalence of ß-lactam and quinolone resistance in West Africa over the last ten years. The use of β-lactams and quinolones in humans and animals should be urgently limited.

Mots-clés

ß-lactam, Quinolones, resistance prevalence, blagene, Qnr gene, West Africa