Prevalence of Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica and associated factors among under five children with diarrhea in rural Burkina Faso

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Résumé

Salmonella enterica is one of the major enteric pathogen causing diarrhea among children under 5 years worldwide. In rural settings
of Burkina Faso where this infection is strongly associated with the consumption of contaminated food and water, the antimicrobial
resistant patterns of Salmonella circulating in these areas are currently not well described. To address this issue, stool samples were
used to isolate and identify the pathogen. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed to isolate Salmonella. A logistic regression
analysis was used to assess the association between different variables and outcome. Odds ratio with 95% CI was computed to
determine the presence and the strength of the association. Nine (3.30%) Salmonella sp. were isolated and identified as six different
serotypes. Among these strains, 43% were isolated from diarrheal children in association with malnutrition. Strains were identified
resistant mainly to aminopenicillins [amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (89%), amoxicillin (100%)] and monobactam [aztreonam (44%)].
High level of resistances to the 3rd generation cephalosporins were noted (ceftriaxone: 56%). Resistances to quinolones (22% resistant
to nalidixic acid) and fluoroquinolones (11% resistant to ciprofloxacin) were also reported. Multiple drug resistance (MDR) has
been reported for most of the Salmonella serotypes (80%). Restrictions on the irrational use of antibiotics in humans and animals are
suggested for reduction of multidrug-resistant Salmonella.

Mots-clés

Salmonella; Diarrhea; Children; Antimicrobial resistance