Distribution of resistance genes encoding ESBLs in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from biological samples in health centers in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Résumé

Objective: Resistance to antibiotics most especially third generation cephalosporins has assumed a worrisome
dimension globally. Genes conferring these resistance which are mediated by enzymes known as extended spectrum
beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are now wide spread among several Enterobacteriaceae species. However there is paucity of
data regarding the distribution of these genes in Burkina Faso. Hence this prospective study aims to determine the
prevalence and distribution of ESBL encoding genes in ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from clinical
samples of patients attending the three major hospitals in Ouagadougou Burkina Faso.
Results: ESBL-encoding genes were assayed in 187 ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae strains. Among these isolates,
the prevalence of ESBL-producing strains with blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes were 26.2% (49/187), 5.9%
(11/187) and 40.1% (75/187) respectively. The association of ESBL encoding genes with health centers was statistically
significant (p = 0.0209). Approximately 39.6% of E. coli harbored CTX-M and Klebsiella spp. 5.9%. This study demonstrates
the dissemination of TEM, SHV and CTX-M genes in ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae strains in Ouagadougou.
Continuous spread of these bacteria poses great public health risk, thus increased surveillance and regulation of
antibiotics use is imperative in Burkina Faso

Mots-clés

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase, bla-TEM, bla-SHV, bla-CTX-M, Burkina Faso