Estimates of genetic parameters of spider plant (Cleome gynandra L.) of Burkina Faso

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Résumé

Spider plant (Cleome gynandra L.) is a traditional leafy-vegetable consumed
more and more in Burkina Faso because it is a good food complement
against the nutritional deficiencies. In order to improve the species, several
studies of characterization carried out showed the existence of a great
genetic diversity. But, the varietal improvement requires the estimate of the
heritability and the genetic advance of the characters of interests of the
plant. The objective of this study is to (i) identify the agro-morphological
characters that discriminate the spider plant genotypes, (ii) establish the
relations which exist between them, and (iii) estimate genetic parameters in
a collection of spider plant accessions of Burkina Faso. The experiment was
conducted during the rainy season 2015 according Alpha design, with 100
accessions of spider plant randomly collected in Burkina Faso. In order to
understand whether the observed variation was due to genetic factors,
genetic parameters were estimated. The results shows that all the 12
characters discriminate significantly the spider plant genotypes. Several
correlations were observed between characters related to the biomass
production. These correlations are particularly interesting because the
improvement of only one character induces improvement of the others and
increases leaves biomass.The study shows moreover high broad sense
heritability (H2) and weak differences between the phenotypic (PCV) and
genotypic (GCV) coefficients of variation, indicating that the characters
expression is under genetic control. The genetic parameters indicates that
variability observed for the Burkina Faso spider plant accessions could be
exploited in breeding programs.

Mots-clés

Spider plant, Cleome gynandra, genetic parameters, Burkina Faso