Identification of Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers Linked to Cowpea Resistance to Cowpea Aphid Borne Mosaic Virus (CABMV) in Burkina Faso

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Résumé

Cowpea is rich in proteins and contains essential amino acids. It is used for
nutrition. For the producers, it is an important source of incomes. Cowpea is mainly
grown for its grains, its leaves, its young pods. However several viral diseases
attack cowpea. The most dangerous one is yellow mosaic transmitted by aphids or
Cowpea Aphid Borne Mosaic Virus (CABMV). This disease causes the decrease of
crop at a rate of 60 to 90% and provokes dwarfism, chlorosis of nervures. The
identification of polymorphic microsatellite markers linked to cowpea resistance to
Cowpea Aphid Borne Mosaic Virus (CABMV) in Burkina Faso will allow to get
resistant varieties to this disease. Extracting the genomic DNA of cowpea plants,
their PCR amplification and the identification of polymorphic markers through the
revelation of the PCR products have been carried out. Wenty seven (27) primers
pairs having SSRs polymorphism test have allowed PCR amplification of the target
DNA samples. The sizes of the different fragments ranged between 900 and 50
bases pairs (bp). The microsatellite polymorphism test was done with DNA
extracted from six lines of cowpea KVx771-10 x IT93K693-2, ITN87-71-21 pl. 1-
2, resistant to CABMV, Diébougou Local, KVx396-4-5-2D, moderately resistant to
CABMV, KVx 61-1 and Gorom Local, very sensitive to CABMV. On a total of 27
markers, seventeen (17) markers revealed polymorphisms microsatellite loci
between the six lines of cowpea, a polymorphism rate of 62.96 % obtained for
these markers. The bands of the same size present in resistant and susceptible
varieties could correspond to alleles of the gene conferring susceptibility to
CABMV and those of same size present only in resistant varieties would be alleles
of the gene conferring resistance to CABMV. The identified polymorphic markers
will be used for validation

Mots-clés

Cowpea, microsatellite, CABMV, polymorphism, Burkina Faso