Genetic Study of the Resistance of Twelve (12) Varieties of Vegetable Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ] to Cowpea Aphid- Borne Mosaic Virus, Burkina FASO

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Résumé

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is a legume whose immature pods are consumed
and marketed. However, it suffers yield losses due to attacks of aphid-transmitted mosaic
disease. The present work is a study of the genetic resistance of twelve (12) varieties of
vegetable cowpea to Cowpea Aphid-Borne Mosaic Virus (CABMV) at Kamboinsé. The
objective of the study was to contribute to the enhancement and improvement of yields
through the development of vegetable cowpea varieties resistant to CABMV. The study
was conducted in a screen house at Kamboinsé research station using a randomized
complete block design with three (3) replications, all inoculated with CABMV. The study
showed the existence of a large genetic variability within the varieties studied. The
analysis of variance showed very highly significant differences (P=0.0001) between the
twelve (12) vegetable cowpea varieties in terms of symptom severity. Principal
Component Analysis (PCA) of the variables revealed the parameters that discriminate
between varieties. High correlations levels were observed between several variables. The
vegetable cowpea varieties IT85F-2089-5, IT85F-2082 and Telma which had low severity
values (1 and 2), the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and a high weight of one
hundred seed have been identified as the best varieties of vegetable cowpea. The variety
IT85F-2089-5 have been identified as an elite variety because of a low severity (1), early
flowering date (40 days), early green cowpea date (51 days), early maturity date (57 days)
and a low value for the AUDPC (9). These varieties can thus contribute to the
improvement of vegetable cowpea production by producers in Burkina Faso.

Mots-clés

Vegetable cowpea, Genetic resistance, CABMV, Burkina Faso